Electrical engineering & Arduino resources for makers
Electrical engineering & Arduino resources for makers

How to interface a Si7021 humidity and temperature sensor with Arduino

In this tutorial we are going to interface Silicon Labs’ Si7021 I2C humidity and temperature sensor to Arduino.

Si7021 is a great replacement for the DHT22.

Why the Si7021?

Si7021 from an Aliexpress reseller
Si7021 from an Aliexpress reseller

 

If you need a humidity sensor, you probably stumbled on tutorials that are using a DHT22 or DHT11. These sensors are not very precise and not very reliable for hobbyists. If you’re in need of a homemade weather station, I strongly vouch for the all digital, I2C Si7021. It features:

  • ± 3% humidy precision (at worst)
  • ± 0.4°C (at worst) temperature precision from –10 to 85°C (14 to 185°F)
  • Operates on full humidity range (0 to 100%) and from -40 to 125°C
  • Serial I2C interface!

You can get a module of the chip on Aliexpress for about US$3 shipping included.

 

Connecting the sensor to Arduino

The Si7021 module is I2C, which means wiring it is fairly easy:

  • Connect the VCC pin to 3.3V and GND to GND on your Arduino.
  • Connect SDA/SCL (serial data/serial clock) to the matching pins on your Arduino.
Si7021 sensor connected to Arduino
Si7021 sensor connected to Arduino

Your module should clearly states on the front or back the pinout. If you don’t have a SDA or SCL pin on your Arduino this means you are using an older version of the Uno or another micro controller entirely.

Si7021 module pinout. The chip covered by a white protective sticker is actually the Si7021 itself.
Si7021 module pinout. The chip covered by a white protective sticker is actually the Si7021 itself.

 

You should refer to the documentation of your microcontroller for I2C, but here are some popular boards I2C pins:

Board SDA pin SCL pin
Uno A4 A5
Mega2560 20 21
Leonardo 2 3
Due 20 21

On other popular microcontrollers such as the ESP8266 you can directly specify which pin you wish to use for SDA and SCL.

Module connected to Arduino Uno
Module connected to Arduino Uno

Reading data from the sensor: Si7021 library

Adafruit originally released a library for the sensor; which you can still find here. It doesn’t support all the features the Si7021 has to offer though (built-in heater, changing resolution & reading temperature from humidity to name them). As a result, I made my own library, which is feature complete and is available here for download.

Download the Si7021 Arduino library

The library is very easy to use and has a set of dedicated functions:

  • measureHumidity forces a humidity measurement. Take up to 25ms
  • measureTemperature & measureTemperatureF forces a temperature measurement.
  • getTemperatureFromPreviousHumidityMeasurement & getTemperatureFromPreviousHumidityMeasurementF gets the temperature from a previous humidity measurement (see below)

Every time you ask the sensor to measure the humidity, the chip also performs a temperature measurement; as relative humidity highly depends on the temperature. As such, you can simply retrieve this temperature by calling the function getTemperatureFromPreviousHumidityMeasurement. Unless you have a good reason, you should never make a direct call to measure temperature; it is a waste of time.

Once the library is installed you can simply load the “Simple_Example” sketch: it will display every 500ms the temperature and humidity.

#include "Si7021.h"

Si7021 si7021;


void setup() {
  
  uint64_t serialNumber = 0ULL;

  Serial.begin(115200);
  si7021.begin();

  serialNumber = si7021.getSerialNumber();

  //arduino lib doesn't natively support printing 64bit numbers on the serial port
  //so it's done in 2 times
  Serial.print("Si7021 serial number: ");
  Serial.print((uint32_t)(serialNumber >> 32), HEX);
  Serial.println((uint32_t)(serialNumber), HEX);

  //Firware version
  Serial.print("Si7021 firmware version: ");
  Serial.println(si7021.getFirmwareVersion(), HEX);

}

void loop() {
  Serial.print("Humidity: ");
  Serial.print(si7021.measureHumidity());
  Serial.print("% - Temperature: ");
  Serial.print(si7021.getTemperatureFromPreviousHumidityMeasurement());
  Serial.println("C");
  delay(500);
}

Additionally, you can get extra information like your device serial number and firmware revision number.

Going further: the heater

In order to be exhaustive with this sensor, I have to mention the heater. Indeed, the Si7021 comes with a “defogger/dehumidifier” in the form of a small heating resistance you can control via a special I2C command. And as you can see below, the effects are pretty dramatic; going from a 82% RH to 66% in about 10s; while the temperature rose by 10 degrees Celsius:

Si7021 heating effect
Si7021 heating effect

This is a very useful feature if your sensor lies in very high humidity (such as the tropical climate of Singapore where I obtained these numbers above!). To use this feature, you just have to call:

si7021.setHeater(true, param); 

Where param is a value between 0x00 and 0x0F (0 to 15). Be very warned that using the resistor draws power. The 3.3V pin of a typical Arduino Uno can only provide up to 50mA of current so be careful if you are powering up the sensor from your Arduino board.

Here’s the typical power consumption for different values:

Heater Current Draw (mA)
0x00 3.09
0x01 9.18
0x02 15.24
0x04 27.39
0x08 51.69
0x0F 94.2

Do not exceed 0x04 or you risk frying the 3.3V regulator.

Conclusion

We have now covered all features offered by the Si7021. I haven’t talked about “setSensorResolution” because by default the sensor is already calibrated to offer its maximum resolution; but I’d advise you to get the datasheet and read the library source code if you wish to dig even deeper.

I’m convinced this is the best sensor for typical weather projects; but I’d be delighted to hear your thoughts on this. For now, enjoy your sensor!

 

References

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